{"id":6648,"date":"2026-10-05T08:04:20","date_gmt":"2026-10-05T08:04:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pipetechservice.com\/?p=6648"},"modified":"2026-10-05T08:04:23","modified_gmt":"2026-10-05T08:04:23","slug":"microtunneling-overcut-lubrication-settlement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pipetechservice.com\/es\/microtunneling-overcut-lubrication-settlement\/","title":{"rendered":"Overcut, Lubrication and Settlement: The Three Variables That Decide a Microtunnel"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Overcut in microtunneling<\/strong> is the annular clearance the machine cuts beyond the outside diameter of the pipe, and it is the single dimension that ties steering, lubrication and settlement together. Its normal size is about 12 to 19 mm on the radius in soil and more than 25 mm in rock. That annulus makes steering and annulus lubrication possible, and it is also the pathway through which ground can move toward the pipe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This page explains how big the overcut is, where the pipe finally rests, how bentonite lubrication reduces friction, and how the settlement triangle of face loss, annulus loss and consolidation ties back to the same dimension. <strong>Overcut is fixed by the cutting head before the drive starts, and it then governs both the annulus available for lubrication and the settlement the grouting has to control.<\/strong> Every value here is an input to project-specific design and must be confirmed by a competent engineer for the actual drive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-overcut-in-microtunneling-and-why-does-it-exist\">What Is Overcut in Microtunneling and Why Does It Exist?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The overcut exists because steering requires radial clearance: the cutting head is slightly larger than the pipe outside diameter, so the pipe always follows a bored hole with the overcut annulus around it.<\/strong> In our design reviews we treat that gap as a design variable rather than a construction detail, because it sets three outcomes at once.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The overcut performs three jobs, and they pull in different directions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>It allows steering.<\/strong> The machine needs radial clearance to be corrected off line, and without it a small deviation becomes a locked-in one.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>It provides the annulus for lubrication.<\/strong> Bentonite or polymer has to be injected into a space, and the overcut is that space. No annulus, no lubricant film.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>It is the pathway for ground movement.<\/strong> The same gap that admits lubricant also allows ground to close in, which is why overcut is the first term in settlement control.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>More overcut buys steering and lower friction; less overcut tightens the ground around the pipe but raises jacking force and pipe damage risk.<\/strong> The right value depends on the ground, the machine and the settlement limits that apply, so the project-specific figure has to be confirmed by a competent engineer for the actual drive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-big-is-the-overcut-and-what-does-it-buy\">How Big Is the Overcut, and What Does It Buy?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The published overcut is about 12 to 19 mm (1\/2 to 3\/4 in.) on the radius in soil and more than 25 mm (1 in.) in rock.<\/strong> The larger allowance in rock reflects the difficulty of holding a tight bored diameter in a hard, blocky face and the need for clearance to steer the machine through a material that does not yield locally. <strong>Soil and rock are the two cases that matter, and each one buys steering and lubrication at a different settlement exposure.<\/strong> These published values come from a specifying article on microtunneling installation tolerances (Tunnel Business Magazine \/ North American Microtunneling Association).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Ground type<\/th><th>Overcut on the radius<\/th><th>What it enables<\/th><th>Settlement exposure<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th>Soil (cohesive and non-cohesive)<\/th><td>About 12-19 mm (1\/2 to 3\/4 in.)<\/td><td>Steering correction and a continuous annulus for lubricant injection<\/td><td>Ground can close the annulus; loss is driven by face and annulus movement<\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Rock<\/th><td>More than 25 mm (1 in.)<\/td><td>Clearance to steer through a hard, non-yielding face and to clear cuttings<\/td><td>Lower closure risk in sound rock, but loosened blocks can still move<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The overcut is fixed by the cutting head, so it is settled at design stage: changing it later means changing the head.<\/strong> It then governs lubrication and settlement for the whole run, which is why it sits at the centre of the relationship between overcut, lubrication and settlement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pipetechservice.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/microtunneling-overcut-lubrication-settlement-overcut-annulus.jpg\" alt=\"Cross-section of the overcut annulus around a jacking pipe showing the bored diameter larger than the pipe outside diameter\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 1. The overcut annulus sits between the pipe outside diameter and the bored diameter. It carries the lubricant film and is also the space through which ground can move toward the pipe.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-where-does-the-pipe-actually-rest-inside-the-bored-hole\">Where Does the Pipe Actually Rest Inside the Bored Hole?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Where the pipe finally rests inside the bored hole is genuinely uncertain, and honest design work treats it as an open question rather than a fixed position.<\/strong> With an annulus around it, the pipe can settle to the invert, float on the bentonite, straighten between supports or move during grouting. The outcome depends on the pipe weight and buoyancy, the density of the lubricant, the stiffness of the pipe string and the grouting sequence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The pipe position inside the overcut in microtunneling is a monitored variable, not a design assumption: because the overcut is fixed by the cutting head, the possible resting positions are fixed before the drive starts, so the finished alignment has to be measured rather than assumed.<\/strong> If the pipe rests at the invert, the line and grade at the pipe are lower than the machine&#8217;s guidance suggested; if it floats, the reverse can happen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is one of the reasons grouting is used at all. By filling the annulus, grouting removes the freedom for the pipe to move after the drive and locks it into the position it has reached. The grout design then has to prevent flotation, prevent buckling or overloading and prevent heave, which brings the same three constraints that govern the rest of the drive back into the mix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-lubrication-how-bentonite-turns-friction-into-a-film\">Lubrication: How Bentonite Turns Friction Into a Film<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bentonite lubrication works by replacing pipe-on-ground friction with pipe-on-fluid friction.<\/strong> Bentonite or a polymer fluid is injected into the annulus at a nominal pressure above groundwater pressure, so it travels along the gap and holds a film around the pipe. The Pipe Jacking Association&#8217;s published range for jacking friction falls from 0.5 to 2.5 tonnes per square meter of external circumferential area without effective lubrication to as little as 0.1 tonnes per square meter once a good annulus film is held and maintained. Annulus lubrication and bentonite lubrication are the same system described at two levels: the annulus is where the fluid sits, and bentonite or polymer is what holds the film.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Specification practice for lubrication hardware is worth knowing because it shows how seriously the industry treats the film. Outer annulus lubrication is generally used only in jacking pipes of DN1200 or greater, with lubrication ports at a minimum of 15 m spacing, three ports evenly spaced around the circumference at 120 degrees with sealed one-way valves, and automatic set-volume or set-pressure injection preferred. Drilling fluids for the annulus are required to be biodegradable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The three rows of this table pair each annulus state with the friction value it produces. The two friction values are the Pipe Jacking Association&#8217;s published range.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>State of the annulus<\/th><th>Friction on external circumferential area<\/th><th>How it is achieved<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th>No effective lubricant<\/th><td>0.5 to 2.5 tonnes per square meter (published range)<\/td><td>The pipe bears directly on ground or on a poorly maintained film<\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Good bentonite or polymer film<\/th><td>As low as 0.1 tonnes per square meter (published value)<\/td><td>Lubricant injected into the annulus at a nominal pressure above groundwater pressure<\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Hardware practice for long drives<\/th><td>No friction value &#8211; hardware practice row<\/td><td>Ports at minimum 15 m spacing, three per ring at 120 degrees with sealed one-way valves, automatic injection, DN1200 and above<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The reason lubrication is discussed together with overcut in microtunneling is that the lubricant lives in the annulus the overcut creates. That coupling is why the three variables have to be designed as one system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-why-lubrication-sometimes-fails\">Why Lubrication Sometimes Fails<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The main way lubrication fails is fluid loss into permeable or fissured ground, because the bentonite or polymer escapes into the formation instead of staying in the annulus.<\/strong> Gravels, open fissures and coarse fill can drain the annulus faster than it is replenished, so the friction reduction never develops and the jacking force climbs to the figure associated with an unlubricated drive. The response is usually to adjust the fluid, raise the injection volume or accept a higher design force.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Two further lubrication failure modes are common: a damaged or incomplete filter cake that lets fluid leak away through the bore face, and a long stoppage that lets the annulus film break down or the fluid drain.<\/strong> Both show up as a rising force curve on the records rather than as a sudden event, which is why lubrication has to be judged from the force record and the injection volumes, with the injection pressure giving context only.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In our design reviews we look at whether the ground along the drive can hold a fluid at all before we rely on lubrication to bring the friction down. Where the ground is expected to drain the annulus, the force budget and the jacking pipe selection have to be built on a friction value closer to the unlubricated end of the published range, and the lubricant is treated as an expected improvement that has to be verified from the force record rather than assumed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-settlement-triangle-face-loss-annulus-loss-and-consolidation\">The Settlement Triangle: Face Loss, Annulus Loss and Consolidation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Settlement above a microtunnel is driven by three mechanisms that add together, and only one of them is the overcut itself.<\/strong> The settlement triangle is face loss at the cutting head, annulus loss around the pipe and consolidation or drawdown in the ground. The annulus term exists precisely because the machine cuts a hole larger than the pipe, so overcut in microtunneling and settlement are linked by geometry, not by coincidence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Face loss.<\/strong> Ground moves toward the face when the support pressure is too low; chamber pressure control and advance rate are the primary levers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Annulus loss.<\/strong> Ground closes the gap around the pipe; prompt grouting is the primary lever, with overcut size as the geometric driver.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Consolidation and drawdown.<\/strong> Changes in groundwater pressure or disturbance of fine soils allow long-term settlement; groundwater control and filter cake quality are the levers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Settlement is normally predicted with a Gaussian settlement trough, with the trough width coefficient varying approximately linearly with depth, and loss is the primary driver of the maximum settlement. <strong>Reported loss in case studies ranges from about 0.8 percent to 12.68 percent, and a UK level-crossing case study reported about 1 percent at the low end; these are case outcomes, not a design target.<\/strong> If the question is whether a larger overcut means more settlement on the same ground, the answer is that it widens the annulus term unless the grouting closure is advanced to match.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Published settlement limits give the scale of what is acceptable: surface movement should not exceed 5 mm beneath existing services including roads and 10 mm beneath undeveloped land unless otherwise approved. Standard practice is to set the loss target from those limits and then design the overcut, the lubrication and the grouting to hit it, rather than the other way round. Those limits are inputs to project-specific design and must be confirmed for the actual drive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ground control in the drive is achieved through a short list of levers that act on the triangle at once: chamber pressure, advance rate, excavated volume accounting against theoretical volume, filter cake quality and prompt grouting. Excavated volume against theoretical volume is a particularly direct check, because it measures the loss at the source. Where a case study reported an earth chamber pressure of about 153 kPa as reasonable for face stability, with a grouting pressure band of 600-700 kPa, that was one project&#8217;s finding; it is not a default, and the pressures have to be derived for the ground.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Annulus grouting is used because the overcut would otherwise remain an open drainage path: the grout closes it, limits long-term settlement and erosion, and locks the pipe in position.<\/strong> A workable control rule is to set the annulus-grouting trigger from the settlement budget: fix the maximum settlement the asset can take, convert it to an allowable loss for the trough geometry, and grout as soon as the excavated-to-theoretical volume ratio approaches it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-overcut-trade-off-steering-and-lubrication-against-settlement-risk\">The Overcut Trade-Off: Steering and Lubrication Against Settlement Risk<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The overcut trade-off is where the three variables meet: the same clearance that lowers friction and enables steering is the clearance through which ground moves.<\/strong> A municipal owner who has to live with the settlement, an EPC bidder who has to price the grouting, a third-party design consultant who has to sign the overcut and the adjacent asset owner whose road sits over the drive all read the same trade-off from different sides. A designer who increases the overcut to make a drive easier to lubricate and steer is also increasing the annulus that has to be grouted and the settlement the grouting has to control. <strong>More overcut and less overcut trade steering and lubrication against settlement risk across five aspects: steering, lubrication, jacking force, settlement and pipe damage.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Aspecto<\/th><th>More overcut<\/th><th>Less overcut<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th>Steering<\/th><td>More radial clearance, easier correction<\/td><td>Less clearance, tighter control of line but harder to correct<\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Lubrication<\/th><td>More annulus volume for the film<\/td><td>Less volume, film harder to establish and maintain<\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Jacking force<\/th><td>Lower friction where a good film holds<\/td><td>Higher friction and rising force if the film fails<\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Settlement risk<\/th><td>More ground can move; grouting load rises<\/td><td>Less ground movement but higher pipe load<\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Pipe damage risk<\/th><td>Lower contact stress on the pipe<\/td><td>Higher contact stress and point loading risk<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Annulus grouting is the balancing lever: filling the overcut with grout closes the drainage path, limits long-term settlement and erosion and locks the pipe in position.<\/strong> The grout design must prevent flotation of the pipe, prevent buckling or overloading and prevent heave, so the grout mix, pressure and sequence are all project-specific. In our experience the drives that settle least are the ones where the overcut, the lubrication and the grouting sequence were designed as one system rather than three separate tasks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The full settlement limits and monitoring plan behind these controls are set out in our settlement control guide, the face support system that sets chamber pressure is covered in our slurry microtunneling face support guide, and how lubrication feeds the jacking force budget is treated in our jacking forces guide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pipetechservice.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/microtunneling-overcut-lubrication-settlement-settlement-triangle.jpg\" alt=\"Diagram of the microtunneling settlement triangle linking face loss, annulus loss and consolidation to overcut and grouting\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 2. The settlement triangle: face loss, annulus loss and consolidation add together. Overcut drives the annulus term, lubrication lowers jacking force in the same space, and prompt annulus grouting closes the pathway.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-frequently-asked-questions\">Preguntas frecuentes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-overcut-in-microtunneling\">What is overcut in microtunneling?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Overcut in microtunneling is the annular clearance the cutting head removes beyond the outside diameter of the pipe, so the pipe slides inside a slightly larger bored hole.<\/strong> It is about 12 to 19 mm on the radius in soil and more than 25 mm in rock, and it is the clearance that makes steering and annulus lubrication possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-does-overcut-affect-lubrication\">How does overcut affect lubrication?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The overcut is the space the lubricant fills.<\/strong> Bentonite or polymer is injected into the annulus at a nominal pressure above groundwater pressure, and published friction values fall from 0.5 to 2.5 tonnes per square meter of external circumferential area to as little as 0.1 tonnes per square meter once a good lubricant film is held. The annulus is the space that holds the lubricant, so its size sets how much radial correction the machine can take before the joint deflection limit governs the line as well as how much fluid the ring can carry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-why-is-overcut-linked-to-settlement\">Why is overcut linked to settlement?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Overcut is the pathway through which ground can move toward the pipe.<\/strong> Settlement is driven by face loss, annulus loss and consolidation or drawdown, and the annulus term exists because the machine cuts a hole larger than the pipe. More overcut buys steering and lubrication but also adds settlement risk if the annulus is not grouted promptly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-where-does-the-pipe-rest-inside-the-bored-hole\">Where does the pipe rest inside the bored hole?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Where the pipe finally rests is genuinely uncertain.<\/strong> It may settle to the invert, float on the bentonite, straighten between supports or move during grouting, and the outcome depends on the pipe weight, the lubricant density and the grouting sequence. It is an open question that published engineers raise and that monitoring is used to test.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-annulus-grouting-for\">What is annulus grouting for?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Annulus grouting closes the drainage path left by the overcut, limits long-term settlement and erosion and locks the pipe in position.<\/strong> The grout design has to prevent flotation of the pipe, prevent buckling or overloading and prevent ground surface heave or damage to adjacent assets, so the grout pressure and sequence are project-specific.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-can-volume-loss-be-checked-during-a-drive\">How can volume loss be checked during a drive?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Volume loss is checked by comparing excavated volume against theoretical volume and by monitoring surface movement against a limit.<\/strong> Settlement prediction commonly uses a Gaussian settlement trough with the trough width coefficient varying approximately linearly with depth, and reported volume loss in case studies ranges from about 0.8 percent to 12.68 percent, with a UK level-crossing case study at about 1 percent at the low end, so the target loss has to be set per project.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-key-takeaways\">Puntos clave<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Overcut in microtunneling is about 12 to 19 mm on the radius in soil and more than 25 mm in rock, and it is fixed by the cutting head before the drive starts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The overcut enables steering and carries the annulus lubricant film, but it is also the pathway through which ground moves toward the pipe.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bentonite lubrication can drop friction from 0.5 to 2.5 tonnes per square meter to as low as 0.1 tonnes per square meter when a film holds; fluid loss into permeable ground is the main failure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Settlement is face loss plus annulus loss plus consolidation or drawdown, with volume loss as the primary driver and prompt annulus grouting as the main control.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>More overcut and less overcut both carry costs; the overcut, lubrication and grouting have to be designed as one system and confirmed for the actual drive.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-jsw-supports-overcut-lubrication-and-settlement-control\">How JSW Supports Overcut, Lubrication and Settlement Control<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>JSW is a pipeline engineering and construction company that executes trenchless drives with its own crews and equipment. Our scope covers <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pipetechservice.com\/es\/microtunneling\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">microtunneling construction<\/a>, the wider <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pipetechservice.com\/es\/trenchless-technologies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">trenchless technologies<\/a> portfolio and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pipetechservice.com\/es\/pipeline-installation-services\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">servicios de instalaci\u00f3n de tuber\u00edas<\/a>, and, where the installed pipe has to be verified and then reinstated in service, we provide a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pipetechservice.com\/es\/pipeline-inspection-service\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pipeline inspection service<\/a> y <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pipetechservice.com\/es\/pipeline-repair-services\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pipeline repair services<\/a> in the same contract. Because overcut in microtunneling, the lubrication programme and the settlement monitoring sit with the team that runs the drive, the three are designed together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We build the lubrication and grouting programme against the ground conditions and the machine&#8217;s overcut rather than against a default, and we keep the injection volumes, the force record and the monitoring data so the settlement outcome can be traced to the controls that produced it. Risk items such as annulus fluid loss or grouting-driven heave are identified and priced against defined triggers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Integrated delivery:<\/strong> overcut review, lubrication design, drive and monitoring under one scope, which removes the gap between designer and constructor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Auditable engineering:<\/strong> the overcut basis, the lubricant and grout programme and the monitoring limits are recorded so each outcome can be traced.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Risk-explicit pricing:<\/strong> fluid loss, excess volume loss and grouting heave are priced against defined triggers rather than bundled.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Monitoring-led control:<\/strong> excavated volume against theoretical volume and surface movement are treated as live controls, not as after-the-fact records.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"cta-box\">\n<p><strong>Want the three variables balanced before your drive?<\/strong> Send the ground conditions, the machine&#8217;s overcut, the alignment and the settlement limits that apply. Our engineers return a scoped review of the annulus, the lubrication and grouting programme, naming the governing risk, the annulus-grouting trigger we would set from your settlement budget, and an indicative budget range.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pipetechservice.com\/es\/contact-us\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Request a Free Technical Review<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<footer>\n<p><strong>About the author:<\/strong> <span class=\"author-name\">Equipo de ingenier\u00eda de JSW<\/span>. Written by JSW&#8217;s pipeline and trenchless engineering group: engineers who have planned and supervised microtunneling drives, pipe jacking, pipeline installation and live-line tie-ins for water, oil and gas and infrastructure projects.<\/p>\n<p><em>Credential note: the drives described in this guide are delivered by JSW&#8217;s own engineering team, crews and equipment, and technical recommendations are reviewed by professional engineers before bid.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>The overcut values, friction ranges, volume-loss figures and settlement limits on this page are inputs to project-specific design and must be confirmed by a competent engineer for the actual drive.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/footer>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Overcut in microtunneling is the annular clearance the machine cuts beyond the outside diameter of the pipe, and it is the single dimension that ties steering, lubrication and settlement together. Its normal size is about 12 to 19 mm on the radius in soil and more than 25 mm in rock. That annulus makes steering [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6647,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_surecart_dashboard_logo_width":"180px","_surecart_dashboard_show_logo":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_orders":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_invoices":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_subscriptions":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_downloads":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_billing":true,"_surecart_dashboard_navigation_account":true,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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in microtunneling is the annular clearance the machine cuts beyond the outside diameter of the pipe, and it is the single dimension that ties steering, lubrication and settlement together. Its normal size is about 12 to 19 mm on the radius in soil and more than 25 mm in rock. 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