{"id":6746,"date":"2026-10-06T06:25:09","date_gmt":"2026-10-06T06:25:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pipetechservice.com\/?p=6746"},"modified":"2026-10-06T06:27:45","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T06:27:45","slug":"writing-a-microtunneling-specification-section-02441","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pipetechservice.com\/th\/writing-a-microtunneling-specification-section-02441\/","title":{"rendered":"Writing a Microtunneling Specification: What Owners Should Require (Section 02441)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"answer-box\">\n<p><strong>Short answer: a microtunneling specification must fix scope, submittals, the geotechnical basis, line and grade accuracy, face support, jacking force limits, movement limits and pay items before bids are invited.<\/strong> Every vague clause is priced as risk, so ambiguity returns as a higher bid or a claim.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The clauses an owner writes decide how every bidder prices the same drive. This guide follows Section 02441, the agency section titled Microtunneling and Pipe-Jacked Tunnels, and explains what a microtunneling specification should require. It covers the submittals to demand, the accuracy and movement limits to state numerically, and the measurement and payment items that prevent disputes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-should-a-microtunneling-specification-actually-require\">What Should a Microtunneling Specification Actually Require?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A microtunneling specification is the technical section that defines a remotely controlled, guided, face-supported pipe-jacked drive to ASCE 36-15.<\/strong> It fixes eight things, whether you draft for one drive or a rolling programme, as owner or as the engineer preparing it: scope, submittal requirements, the geotechnical basis, accuracy, face support, jacking and lubrication, shafts, and payment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The cleanest test comes from ASCE 36-15, which defines microtunneling by three requirements: a remotely controlled machine, a guidance system that holds the specified tolerance, and continuous face support. Where a proposed method meets all three, it is microtunneling, and how the machine then creates the hole is set out in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pipetechservice.com\/th\/how-does-microtunneling-work-step-by-step\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">how microtunneling works step by step<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bottom line:<\/strong> write every requirement as a number, a method of measurement or a named standard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-defining-scope-so-every-bidder-prices-the-same-work\">Defining Scope So Every Bidder Prices the Same Work<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Public agency specifications in North America commonly carry microtunneling under Section 02441, Microtunneling and Pipe-Jacked Tunnels; check the number against the owner&#8217;s own master document.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scope is where bid spread begins. A complete scope statement names every drive length and diameter, the shaft locations and depths, the pipe material, the connection points, the spoil route, the restoration standard and the working hours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pipetechservice.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/writing-a-microtunneling-specification-section-02441-spec-section-map.jpg\" alt=\"Map of a Section 02441 microtunneling specification showing its parts from scope and submittals through geotechnical basis, accuracy, face support, jacking, shafts, monitoring and payment\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The parts of a microtunneling specification, from scope to monitoring and payment.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Drives:<\/strong> length, diameter and alignment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Shafts:<\/strong> plan size, depth and function.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Interfaces:<\/strong> where the owner&#8217;s scope meets the contractor&#8217;s.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Disposal:<\/strong> who handles slurry and spoil, and where.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Exclusions:<\/strong> a clear list, cross-referenced to the drawings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>An ambiguous scope comes back as a risk premium in the bid, because every bidder prices the gap differently.<\/strong> The wider method family is outlined in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pipetechservice.com\/th\/what-are-trenchless-technologies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">what trenchless technologies are<\/a>, and the cost sensitivity of these variables is covered in what drives microtunneling cost and schedule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-required-submittals-what-to-ask-for-and-when\">Required Submittals: What to Ask For, and When<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>What do submittals actually give an owner? A check, before mobilisation, that the contractor&#8217;s plan matches the ground and the geometry.<\/strong> List them, state when each is due and set the review period, because a late review is a schedule risk the owner controls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"table-scroll\">\n<table>\n<caption>Core submittal list under Section 02441<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">Submittal<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Why it matters<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Timing<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Method statement<\/td>\n<td>Shows how the drive will be built and controlled<\/td>\n<td>Before mobilisation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Machine data and certificates<\/td>\n<td>Confirms the machine suits the diameter and ground<\/td>\n<td>Before mobilisation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Operator qualifications<\/td>\n<td>Confirms the crew has run comparable drives<\/td>\n<td>Before mobilisation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Jacking force calculation<\/td>\n<td>Sets the load the pipe and jacks will see<\/td>\n<td>Before mobilisation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lubrication plan<\/td>\n<td>Defines slurry mix and injection volumes<\/td>\n<td>Before mobilisation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Slurry and spoil handling plan<\/td>\n<td>Covers separation, storage and disposal<\/td>\n<td>Before mobilisation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Movement monitoring plan<\/td>\n<td>Defines instruments, frequency and action levels<\/td>\n<td>Before mobilisation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Emergency and cutter recovery plan<\/td>\n<td>Covers intervention, loss of face and surface movement<\/td>\n<td>Before mobilisation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pipe supply and test certificates<\/td>\n<td>Confirms joint and compressive performance<\/td>\n<td>Before pipe delivery<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Each item should be tied to a measurable requirement elsewhere in the section. A monitoring plan becomes usable once the movement limits it must respect are stated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pipetechservice.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/writing-a-microtunneling-specification-section-02441-submittal-flow.jpg\" alt=\"Flow diagram showing a Section 02441 submittal review sequence from method statement and jacking force calculation through lubrication and monitoring plans to approval before mobilisation\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A submittal review sequence that must be closed before the machine is mobilised.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"cta-box\">\n<p><strong>Reviewing a draft specification?<\/strong> Send the technical section and the geotechnical report for a free method review, and our engineers will flag the clauses that will attract claims before you go to tender.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pipetechservice.com\/th\/contact-us\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Request a Free Method Review<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-geotechnical-basis-baseline-report-and-reference-conditions\">The Geotechnical Basis: Baseline Report and Reference Conditions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The specification should name the document that defines the ground and set the reference conditions the contractor may rely on. A named baseline gives every later ground discussion a reference point.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reference conditions should be written as measurable statements: a layer description, a groundwater level, a strength range or a boulder size. ASTM D653 fixes the soil and rock definitions, including a boulder from 12 in. (305 mm).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ground profile:<\/strong> layers, thicknesses and interface elevations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Groundwater:<\/strong> standing level and any artesian head.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Strength:<\/strong> a stated range for rock and cohesive soils.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Obstructions:<\/strong> an assumed boulder size and frequency.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Baseline document:<\/strong> the exact report title and revision behind the reference conditions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Write each reference condition so a number can be compared against a reading, tied to the report clause it comes from.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The definitions in this section follow ASCE 36-15 and the NASTT Good Practices Guidelines.<\/strong> Who carries the commercial consequence is covered in risk allocation in microtunneling contracts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-line-grade-and-tolerance-requirements\">Line, Grade and Tolerance Requirements<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>If your line is a gravity sewer, accuracy is the reason microtunneling is chosen over drilling, and a microtunneling specification has to state it precisely.<\/strong> Microtunneling typically holds line and grade to plus or minus 10-25 mm (0.4-1 in.), the range quoted in the ASCE 36-15 guidance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A tolerance clause needs four parts: the figure, where it is measured, how often it is checked, and the corrective action if the drive exceeds it.<\/strong> On a gravity line the tolerance is checked joint by joint, because grade control is continuous rather than a single reading at the reception shaft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-face-support-slurry-and-ground-control-requirements\">Face Support, Slurry and Ground Control Requirements<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>What does the second test in the ASCE 36-15 definition require of the section? Continuous face support, stated as a requirement: the face is supported during excavation and during any stoppage.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It should also define how spoil leaves the drive and how face pressure is controlled: slurry density and pressure for a slurry machine, chamber control for an earth pressure balance machine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Face support:<\/strong> continuous, with a stated control parameter.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Slurry:<\/strong> density and pressure limits, and how they are monitored.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Overcut:<\/strong> a defined allowance, measured separately.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ground loss:<\/strong> the limit the support system must achieve.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Where the question is how pipe jacking performs against a fluid-supported bore, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pipetechservice.com\/th\/microtunneling-vs-hdd-key-differences\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">microtunneling vs HDD: the key differences<\/a> sets out the accuracy and ground limitations of each.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-jacking-force-lubrication-and-intermediate-jacking-stations\">Jacking Force, Lubrication and Intermediate Jacking Stations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pipe jacking loads the pipe in compression, so the section must cap the load the pipe is expected to carry. The jacking force calculation should be a required submittal, and the maximum allowable force should sit below the pipe&#8217;s compressive rating with a margin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Lubrication is the main control on friction: where it is effective, unit friction on the pipe is commonly taken in the range of 2-5 kPa, so require the slurry mix and the injected volume to be defined and recorded.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Long drives need a way to reset the load. Specifications commonly require an allowance for one intermediate jacking station roughly every 100 m, and machines in the 600-900 mm class are typically limited to 160-200 m per drive without them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bottom line:<\/strong> state the force limit, the lubrication basis and the jacking station allowance together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-shafts-thrust-walls-and-reception-requirements\">Shafts, Thrust Walls and Reception Requirements<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Shafts are the most visible requirement and a frequent source of variation, so define them completely: size, depth, support method, base slab, thrust wall and reception seal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The thrust wall carries the full jacking reaction, so require the reaction design and confirm the ground behind it can take the load.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Launch shaft:<\/strong> plan dimensions, depth and thrust wall capacity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Reception shaft:<\/strong> dimensions, entry seal and base.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Support:<\/strong> the permitted method and any groundwater control.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Restoration:<\/strong> the reinstatement standard at each shaft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Shaft works often trigger environmental controls, and the permit and compliance route for those is set out in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pipetechservice.com\/th\/environmental-impact-assessment-for-trenchless-construction-requirements-permits-risks-compliance-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental impact assessment for trenchless construction<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-settlement-monitoring-and-movement-limits\">Settlement Monitoring and Movement Limits<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ground movement above a drive is a measurable risk, so the specification sets the limits and requires a plan that watches the corridor, the shafts and any sensitive structure.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A two-level control system is the common approach: a warning level that triggers increased reading, and an alarm level that triggers a defined response, up to stopping the drive. Warning levels are commonly set in the order of plus or minus 10 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pipetechservice.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/writing-a-microtunneling-specification-section-02441-tolerance-settlement-diagram.jpg\" alt=\"Cross-section diagram of a microtunneling drive showing a tight plus or minus 10 to 25 millimetre line and grade band around the pipe and warning and alarm movement levels at the surface\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Line and grade control underground and movement limits at the surface are two separate, measurable requirements.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Settlement monitoring should define the instrument arrangement, the reading frequency and who receives the results. Our specification reviews treat the plan and the limits as one requirement, because a plan becomes directive once the limit it serves is stated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bottom line:<\/strong> a movement limit is a control only when a defined response is attached to it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-pipe-joint-and-casing-requirements\">Pipe, Joint and Casing Requirements<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The pipe is both the product and the jacking medium in pipe jacking, so state its structural duty: compressive strength, joint type, joint sealing and the allowable deflection at each joint, together with the certificate or test that proves each property.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-measurement-and-payment-items-that-prevent-disputes\">Measurement and Payment Items That Prevent Disputes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>What decides whether the final account closes quietly? The measurement and payment clauses.<\/strong> Pay the drive length by diameter, then list the items that carry real cost separately, so neither party has to argue about what a rate included.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"table-scroll\">\n<table>\n<caption>Typical pay items for a microtunneling drive<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">Pay item<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">What it covers<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Drive by diameter<\/td>\n<td>Linear foot \/ metre<\/td>\n<td>Excavation, jacking and pipe installation between shafts<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Shafts<\/td>\n<td>Each or vertical foot \/ metre<\/td>\n<td>Excavation, support, base, thrust wall and seal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rock excavation<\/td>\n<td>Linear foot \/ metre, measured separately<\/td>\n<td>Excavation in rock beyond the soil baseline<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Obstruction handling<\/td>\n<td>Per event<\/td>\n<td>Removal of boulders or buried obstructions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cutter change<\/td>\n<td>Per event<\/td>\n<td>Intervention to replace worn cutting tools<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Grout injected<\/td>\n<td>Cubic metre or cubic yard<\/td>\n<td>Grout placed around the pipe and the overcut<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Spoil and slurry disposal<\/td>\n<td>Cubic metre or tonne<\/td>\n<td>Transport and disposal off site<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Movement monitoring<\/td>\n<td>Lump sum or per reading<\/td>\n<td>Instruments, readings and reporting<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The measurement and payment items above should each stand alone: overcut and grouting volume are separate quantities, because one is excavated volume and the other is injected volume.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>State the basis for linear measurement as well: whether the drive is paid between shaft centres or faces, and how lengths are certified. Our estimating team checks payment clauses against the same drive quantities the specification uses, because a mismatch becomes a claim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bottom line:<\/strong> pay the drive by length and list every variable cost separately, then define overcut and grout as two distinct quantities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-specification-phrases-that-generate-claims\">Specification Phrases That Generate Claims<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Some phrases appear in almost every specification and describe an outcome with no limit.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>As directed by the Engineer:<\/strong> unbounded instruction with no quantity or rate.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Suitable ground:<\/strong> undefined, so it means whatever the losing party needs it to mean.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>All necessary measures:<\/strong> an open-ended obligation with no basis for pricing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>To the satisfaction of the Engineer:<\/strong> a subjective test with no measurable standard.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Boilerplate from open-cut:<\/strong> clauses that assume a trench, where the drive is jacked.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In our drives, the clauses that most often trigger a claim describe a required outcome with no way to measure it.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Two related decisions sit outside the technical section: who carries the commercial risk is covered in risk allocation in microtunneling contracts, and how the contractor is selected is covered in contractor prequalification for microtunneling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-frequently-asked-questions\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-section-02441\">What is Section 02441?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Section 02441 is the specification section number that public agencies in North America commonly use for microtunneling and pipe-jacked tunnels. It covers a remotely controlled, guided, face-supported drive installed by pipe jacking between shafts. Confirm the number against the agency&#8217;s own master specification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-accuracy-should-the-specification-require\">What accuracy should the specification require?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>State a numeric figure, typically plus or minus 10-25 mm (0.4-1 in.) on line and grade, and say where it is measured. Gravity lines need continuous grade control, so check the requirement joint by joint, not only at the reception shaft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-which-submittal-packages-should-an-owner-require-before-mobilisation\">Which submittal packages should an owner require before mobilisation?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>At minimum: method statement, machine data and certificates, operator qualifications, jacking force calculation, lubrication plan, slurry and spoil handling plan, monitoring plan, emergency plan, and cutter recovery plan. Review each against the geotechnical basis and withhold mobilisation until it is accepted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-often-should-intermediate-jacking-stations-be-specified\">How often should intermediate jacking stations be specified?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Long drives commonly require an allowance for one intermediate jacking station roughly every 100 m. Make that allowance measurable so bidders price the same provision. Machines in the 600-900 mm class are limited to about 160-200 m per drive without one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-should-a-settlement-monitoring-plan-define\">What should a settlement monitoring plan define?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>It should define the instrument arrangement, the reading frequency, and two action levels, warning and alarm, each with a required response. Warning levels are commonly set in the order of plus or minus 10 mm, but the value must follow the sensitivity of the structures above.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-should-the-pay-items-be-structured\">How should the pay items be structured?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pay the drive length by diameter, then list shafts, rock excavation, obstruction handling, cutter change, grout injected, spoil disposal and monitoring separately. Define overcut and grouting volume apart, or the two will be argued at final account.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-makes-a-specification-clause-ambiguous\">What makes a specification clause ambiguous?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Open phrases such as as directed, suitable ground or all necessary measures have no measurable limit, so each bidder prices them differently. Ambiguity becomes a risk premium in the bid and a claim after award.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-reviewing-a-draft-specification\">Reviewing a Draft Specification<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A draft microtunneling specification is ready to issue when every requirement can be measured, every submittal has a date, and every variable cost has a pay item.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The review ends with four checks: the accuracy requirement is numeric, the ground baseline is written, the payment items match the scope, and every clause fits a jacked drive rather than an open trench.<\/strong> Delivery capability sits in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pipetechservice.com\/th\/microtunneling\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">microtunneling construction services<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A microtunneling specification written this way lets two competent contractors read the same pages and reach the same price.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"cta-box\">\n<p><strong>Get a second opinion at no cost.<\/strong> JSW engineers review draft specifications and geotechnical reports and flag the clauses that will generate claims, whichever service the work turns out to need.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pipetechservice.com\/th\/contact-us\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Request a Free Method Review<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sources\">Sources<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The accuracy, jacking, lubrication and payment requirements in this guide follow these published industry standards and guidance documents:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ASCE 36-15, Standard Design and Construction Guidelines for Microtunneling.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ASTM D653, Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASTT Good Practices Guidelines (Microtunneling).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>FIDIC Emerald Book, Conditions of Contract for Underground Works.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<footer>\n<p><strong>About the author:<\/strong> <span class=\"author-name\">JSW Engineering Team<\/span>. Written by JSW&#8217;s trenchless engineering team: engineers who prepare, review and execute microtunneling and pipe jacking specifications for water, sewer, gas and cable utilities.<\/p>\n<p><em>Credential note: every drive is executed by JSW&#8217;s own engineering team, crews and equipment; specification and method recommendations are reviewed by professional engineers before tender.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Accuracy, jacking, lubrication and payment figures are typical published ranges and standard industry practice; final requirements depend on site geology, diameter and machine configuration.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/footer>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Short answer: a microtunneling specification must fix scope, submittals, the geotechnical basis, line and grade accuracy, face support, jacking force limits, movement limits and pay items before bids are invited. Every vague clause is priced as risk, so ambiguity returns as a higher bid or a claim. 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